The renaissance of trinitarian thought in the twentieth century progressed along a trajectory of offering apologetics for the Trinity to establishing its formative role in systematics. By the end of the century, the doctrine of the Trinity is understood to be, as Christoph Schwöbel explains, the “gateway through which the theological exposition of all that can be said must pass.” Because the doctrine of the Trinity holds this place, Schwöbel continues, the specific “conceptual form” used to express the Trinity affects “the shape and structure of the whole framework of Christian doctrine.”Building on Schwöbel’s analysis of the function of the conceptual form of the Trinity with respect to Christian doctrine, this panel explores what gives shape to the conceptual form of the Trinity itself. The papers to be presented should identify and examine the precise formulations of God’s being in recent theology and explore the historical sources for such formulations. This task mirrors the trinitarian renaissance, during which theologians routinely undertook the dogmatic task in close conversation with historical sources such as Augustinian or Cappadocian theology. This panel will focus on modern sources for contemporary trinitarian theology from 17th-19th century theology and philosophy. With these sources supplying concrete examples for investigation, the structures of trinitarian thought are illuminated, aiding judgment regarding the adequacy of its conceptual forms of expression.Chair: Wade Bellesbach (University of St Andrews)Speakers:Christian Kalmbach (University of St Andrews), God as Covenant: Reconceiving the Role of the Pactum Salutis in a Covenantal OntologyC.M. Howell (University of St Andrews), Being as Idea, Absolute, & Divine: The Influence of Schelling and Hegel on Trinitarian TheologyLukas Sulzer (Universität Heidelberg), A ‘Staurological’ Topology of the TrinityChristoph Schneider (University of Cambridge), The Doctrine of the Trinity in P.A. Florensky: At the Boundary of Immanence and Transcendence