This panel is sponsored by ReMeDHe, an International Working Group for Religion, Medicine, Disability, and Health in Late Antiquity.This panel explores the ways human and divine activity in the ancient cosmos were entwined in moments when humans interact with the natural world and its many interconnected ontological levels, whether that be in the form of minerals, plants and animals as part of ancient pharmacology, water and other elements as part of healing and ritual substances and practices, or the stars and planets as guides and predictive forces as part of human efforts to understand their place in the universe. All of these moments were inflected through people’s religious identity and commitments. Moreover, all of these interactions with nature were governed by human arts that worked with and on various natural affordances. The presentations gathered here will also elicit engagement with and reflection on contemporary questions about the way we think of natural resources today in a new plural religious context, with respect to theologically inflected questions of scarcity, equity, and the pursuit of public health and well-being.Chair: Susan Holman (Valparaiso University) Speakers:Thomas Arentzen (Uppsala Universitet), A Breath of Oak: Sacred Whiffs in the Hills of VounainaClaire Burridge (University of Sheffield), ‘Holy herbs’: The integration of Christian rituals in early medieval medical recipesHeidi Marx (University of Manitoba), Navigating Ancient Waters: From the Hippocratic Corpus to Eunapius of SardisJohn Penniman (Bucknell University), Perfume among the Perishing: A Pharmacological Approach to Incense in Early Christian Ritual